refactor: move waveform guard to flag definition for consistency

Use typeof === 'undefined' check in the flag definition (line 242),
matching the established pattern for seconds (line 239) and
jpegThumbnail (line 241), instead of truthy check at usage point.

This is more precise: typeof distinguishes undefined (not provided)
from null (explicitly passed), and keeps all three media-processing
flags using the same guard pattern.

Co-Authored-By: Renato Alcara

WAProto/WAProto.proto

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 syntax = "proto3";
 package proto;
 
-/// WhatsApp Version: 2.3000.1035577069
+/// WhatsApp Version: 2.3000.1035715252
 
 message ADVDeviceIdentity {
     optional uint32 rawId = 1;
@@ -5304,11 +5304,21 @@ message SyncActionValue {
         repeated string userJid = 2;
         optional bool shareToFB = 3;
         optional bool shareToIG = 4;
+        repeated CustomList customLists = 5;
+        message CustomList {
+            optional int64 id = 1;
+            optional string name = 2;
+            optional string emoji = 3;
+            optional bool isSelected = 4;
+            repeated string userJid = 5;
+        }
+        
         enum StatusDistributionMode {
             ALLOW_LIST = 0;
             DENY_LIST = 1;
             CONTACTS = 2;
             CLOSE_FRIENDS = 3;
+            CUSTOM_LIST = 4;
         }
     }
     

WAProto/index.d.ts

@@ -13702,6 +13702,7 @@ export namespace proto {
             userJid?: (string[]|null);
             shareToFB?: (boolean|null);
             shareToIG?: (boolean|null);
+            customLists?: (proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.ICustomList[]|null);
         }
 
         class StatusPrivacyAction implements IStatusPrivacyAction {
@@ -13710,6 +13711,7 @@ export namespace proto {
             public userJid: string[];
             public shareToFB?: (boolean|null);
             public shareToIG?: (boolean|null);
+            public customLists: proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.ICustomList[];
             public static create(properties?: proto.SyncActionValue.IStatusPrivacyAction): proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction;
             public static encode(m: proto.SyncActionValue.IStatusPrivacyAction, w?: $protobuf.Writer): $protobuf.Writer;
             public static decode(r: ($protobuf.Reader|Uint8Array), l?: number): proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction;
@@ -13721,11 +13723,36 @@ export namespace proto {
 
         namespace StatusPrivacyAction {
 
+            interface ICustomList {
+                id?: (number|Long|null);
+                name?: (string|null);
+                emoji?: (string|null);
+                isSelected?: (boolean|null);
+                userJid?: (string[]|null);
+            }
+
+            class CustomList implements ICustomList {
+                constructor(p?: proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.ICustomList);
+                public id?: (number|Long|null);
+                public name?: (string|null);
+                public emoji?: (string|null);
+                public isSelected?: (boolean|null);
+                public userJid: string[];
+                public static create(properties?: proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.ICustomList): proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList;
+                public static encode(m: proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.ICustomList, w?: $protobuf.Writer): $protobuf.Writer;
+                public static decode(r: ($protobuf.Reader|Uint8Array), l?: number): proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList;
+                public static fromObject(d: { [k: string]: any }): proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList;
+                public static toObject(m: proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList, o?: $protobuf.IConversionOptions): { [k: string]: any };
+                public toJSON(): { [k: string]: any };
+                public static getTypeUrl(typeUrlPrefix?: string): string;
+            }
+
             enum StatusDistributionMode {
                 ALLOW_LIST = 0,
                 DENY_LIST = 1,
                 CONTACTS = 2,
-                CLOSE_FRIENDS = 3
+                CLOSE_FRIENDS = 3,
+                CUSTOM_LIST = 4
             }
         }
 

WAProto/index.js

@@ -94967,6 +94967,7 @@ export const proto = $root.proto = (() => {
 
             function StatusPrivacyAction(p) {
                 this.userJid = [];
+                this.customLists = [];
                 if (p)
                     for (var ks = Object.keys(p), i = 0; i < ks.length; ++i)
                         if (p[ks[i]] != null)
@@ -94977,6 +94978,7 @@ export const proto = $root.proto = (() => {
             StatusPrivacyAction.prototype.userJid = $util.emptyArray;
             StatusPrivacyAction.prototype.shareToFB = null;
             StatusPrivacyAction.prototype.shareToIG = null;
+            StatusPrivacyAction.prototype.customLists = $util.emptyArray;
 
             let $oneOfFields;
 
@@ -95015,6 +95017,10 @@ export const proto = $root.proto = (() => {
                     w.uint32(24).bool(m.shareToFB);
                 if (m.shareToIG != null && Object.hasOwnProperty.call(m, "shareToIG"))
                     w.uint32(32).bool(m.shareToIG);
+                if (m.customLists != null && m.customLists.length) {
+                    for (var i = 0; i < m.customLists.length; ++i)
+                        $root.proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList.encode(m.customLists[i], w.uint32(42).fork()).ldelim();
+                }
                 return w;
             };
 
@@ -95045,6 +95051,12 @@ export const proto = $root.proto = (() => {
                             m.shareToIG = r.bool();
                             break;
                         }
+                    case 5: {
+                            if (!(m.customLists && m.customLists.length))
+                                m.customLists = [];
+                            m.customLists.push($root.proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList.decode(r, r.uint32()));
+                            break;
+                        }
                     default:
                         r.skipType(t & 7);
                         break;
@@ -95080,6 +95092,10 @@ export const proto = $root.proto = (() => {
                 case 3:
                     m.mode = 3;
                     break;
+                case "CUSTOM_LIST":
+                case 4:
+                    m.mode = 4;
+                    break;
                 }
                 if (d.userJid) {
                     if (!Array.isArray(d.userJid))
@@ -95095,6 +95111,16 @@ export const proto = $root.proto = (() => {
                 if (d.shareToIG != null) {
                     m.shareToIG = Boolean(d.shareToIG);
                 }
+                if (d.customLists) {
+                    if (!Array.isArray(d.customLists))
+                        throw TypeError(".proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.customLists: array expected");
+                    m.customLists = [];
+                    for (var i = 0; i < d.customLists.length; ++i) {
+                        if (typeof d.customLists[i] !== "object")
+                            throw TypeError(".proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.customLists: object expected");
+                        m.customLists[i] = $root.proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList.fromObject(d.customLists[i]);
+                    }
+                }
                 return m;
             };
 
@@ -95104,6 +95130,7 @@ export const proto = $root.proto = (() => {
                 var d = {};
                 if (o.arrays || o.defaults) {
                     d.userJid = [];
+                    d.customLists = [];
                 }
                 if (m.mode != null && m.hasOwnProperty("mode")) {
                     d.mode = o.enums === String ? $root.proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.StatusDistributionMode[m.mode] === undefined ? m.mode : $root.proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.StatusDistributionMode[m.mode] : m.mode;
@@ -95126,6 +95153,12 @@ export const proto = $root.proto = (() => {
                     if (o.oneofs)
                         d._shareToIG = "shareToIG";
                 }
+                if (m.customLists && m.customLists.length) {
+                    d.customLists = [];
+                    for (var j = 0; j < m.customLists.length; ++j) {
+                        d.customLists[j] = $root.proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList.toObject(m.customLists[j], o);
+                    }
+                }
                 return d;
             };
 
@@ -95140,12 +95173,203 @@ export const proto = $root.proto = (() => {
                 return typeUrlPrefix + "/proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction";
             };
 
+            StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList = (function() {
+
+                function CustomList(p) {
+                    this.userJid = [];
+                    if (p)
+                        for (var ks = Object.keys(p), i = 0; i < ks.length; ++i)
+                            if (p[ks[i]] != null)
+                                this[ks[i]] = p[ks[i]];
+                }
+
+                CustomList.prototype.id = null;
+                CustomList.prototype.name = null;
+                CustomList.prototype.emoji = null;
+                CustomList.prototype.isSelected = null;
+                CustomList.prototype.userJid = $util.emptyArray;
+
+                let $oneOfFields;
+
+                // Virtual OneOf for proto3 optional field
+                Object.defineProperty(CustomList.prototype, "_id", {
+                    get: $util.oneOfGetter($oneOfFields = ["id"]),
+                    set: $util.oneOfSetter($oneOfFields)
+                });
+
+                // Virtual OneOf for proto3 optional field
+                Object.defineProperty(CustomList.prototype, "_name", {
+                    get: $util.oneOfGetter($oneOfFields = ["name"]),
+                    set: $util.oneOfSetter($oneOfFields)
+                });
+
+                // Virtual OneOf for proto3 optional field
+                Object.defineProperty(CustomList.prototype, "_emoji", {
+                    get: $util.oneOfGetter($oneOfFields = ["emoji"]),
+                    set: $util.oneOfSetter($oneOfFields)
+                });
+
+                // Virtual OneOf for proto3 optional field
+                Object.defineProperty(CustomList.prototype, "_isSelected", {
+                    get: $util.oneOfGetter($oneOfFields = ["isSelected"]),
+                    set: $util.oneOfSetter($oneOfFields)
+                });
+
+                CustomList.create = function create(properties) {
+                    return new CustomList(properties);
+                };
+
+                CustomList.encode = function encode(m, w) {
+                    if (!w)
+                        w = $Writer.create();
+                    if (m.id != null && Object.hasOwnProperty.call(m, "id"))
+                        w.uint32(8).int64(m.id);
+                    if (m.name != null && Object.hasOwnProperty.call(m, "name"))
+                        w.uint32(18).string(m.name);
+                    if (m.emoji != null && Object.hasOwnProperty.call(m, "emoji"))
+                        w.uint32(26).string(m.emoji);
+                    if (m.isSelected != null && Object.hasOwnProperty.call(m, "isSelected"))
+                        w.uint32(32).bool(m.isSelected);
+                    if (m.userJid != null && m.userJid.length) {
+                        for (var i = 0; i < m.userJid.length; ++i)
+                            w.uint32(42).string(m.userJid[i]);
+                    }
+                    return w;
+                };
+
+                CustomList.decode = function decode(r, l, e) {
+                    if (!(r instanceof $Reader))
+                        r = $Reader.create(r);
+                    var c = l === undefined ? r.len : r.pos + l, m = new $root.proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList();
+                    while (r.pos < c) {
+                        var t = r.uint32();
+                        if (t === e)
+                            break;
+                        switch (t >>> 3) {
+                        case 1: {
+                                m.id = r.int64();
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        case 2: {
+                                m.name = r.string();
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        case 3: {
+                                m.emoji = r.string();
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        case 4: {
+                                m.isSelected = r.bool();
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        case 5: {
+                                if (!(m.userJid && m.userJid.length))
+                                    m.userJid = [];
+                                m.userJid.push(r.string());
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        default:
+                            r.skipType(t & 7);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return m;
+                };
+
+                CustomList.fromObject = function fromObject(d) {
+                    if (d instanceof $root.proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList)
+                        return d;
+                    var m = new $root.proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList();
+                    if (d.id != null) {
+                        if ($util.Long)
+                            (m.id = $util.Long.fromValue(d.id)).unsigned = false;
+                        else if (typeof d.id === "string")
+                            m.id = parseInt(d.id, 10);
+                        else if (typeof d.id === "number")
+                            m.id = d.id;
+                        else if (typeof d.id === "object")
+                            m.id = new $util.LongBits(d.id.low >>> 0, d.id.high >>> 0).toNumber();
+                    }
+                    if (d.name != null) {
+                        m.name = String(d.name);
+                    }
+                    if (d.emoji != null) {
+                        m.emoji = String(d.emoji);
+                    }
+                    if (d.isSelected != null) {
+                        m.isSelected = Boolean(d.isSelected);
+                    }
+                    if (d.userJid) {
+                        if (!Array.isArray(d.userJid))
+                            throw TypeError(".proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList.userJid: array expected");
+                        m.userJid = [];
+                        for (var i = 0; i < d.userJid.length; ++i) {
+                            m.userJid[i] = String(d.userJid[i]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return m;
+                };
+
+                CustomList.toObject = function toObject(m, o) {
+                    if (!o)
+                        o = {};
+                    var d = {};
+                    if (o.arrays || o.defaults) {
+                        d.userJid = [];
+                    }
+                    if (m.id != null && m.hasOwnProperty("id")) {
+                        if (typeof m.id === "number")
+                            d.id = o.longs === String ? String(m.id) : m.id;
+                        else
+                            d.id = o.longs === String ? longToString(m.id) : o.longs === Number ? longToNumber(m.id) : m.id;
+                        if (o.oneofs)
+                            d._id = "id";
+                    }
+                    if (m.name != null && m.hasOwnProperty("name")) {
+                        d.name = m.name;
+                        if (o.oneofs)
+                            d._name = "name";
+                    }
+                    if (m.emoji != null && m.hasOwnProperty("emoji")) {
+                        d.emoji = m.emoji;
+                        if (o.oneofs)
+                            d._emoji = "emoji";
+                    }
+                    if (m.isSelected != null && m.hasOwnProperty("isSelected")) {
+                        d.isSelected = m.isSelected;
+                        if (o.oneofs)
+                            d._isSelected = "isSelected";
+                    }
+                    if (m.userJid && m.userJid.length) {
+                        d.userJid = [];
+                        for (var j = 0; j < m.userJid.length; ++j) {
+                            d.userJid[j] = m.userJid[j];
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return d;
+                };
+
+                CustomList.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
+                    return this.constructor.toObject(this, $protobuf.util.toJSONOptions);
+                };
+
+                CustomList.getTypeUrl = function getTypeUrl(typeUrlPrefix) {
+                    if (typeUrlPrefix === undefined) {
+                        typeUrlPrefix = "type.googleapis.com";
+                    }
+                    return typeUrlPrefix + "/proto.SyncActionValue.StatusPrivacyAction.CustomList";
+                };
+
+                return CustomList;
+            })();
+
             StatusPrivacyAction.StatusDistributionMode = (function() {
                 const valuesById = {}, values = Object.create(valuesById);
                 values[valuesById[0] = "ALLOW_LIST"] = 0;
                 values[valuesById[1] = "DENY_LIST"] = 1;
                 values[valuesById[2] = "CONTACTS"] = 2;
                 values[valuesById[3] = "CLOSE_FRIENDS"] = 3;
+                values[valuesById[4] = "CUSTOM_LIST"] = 4;
                 return values;
             })();
 

docs/VIEW_ONCE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+# Mensagens View-Once (Visualização Única) — Guia de Implementação
+
+**Data:** 2026-03-23
+**Versão:** 1.0
+
+---
+
+## 1. O que é View-Once
+
+Mensagem de visualização única é um tipo especial de mídia (imagem, vídeo ou áudio) que o destinatário pode abrir apenas uma vez. Após abrir, o conteúdo some permanentemente.
+
+---
+
+> ## ⚠️ RESTRIÇÃO CRÍTICA — Contas Hosted (Meta Business Cloud API)
+>
+> **Contas registradas como "hosted" na Meta Business Cloud API têm view-once bloqueado pelo servidor do WhatsApp.**
+>
+> Essa restrição se aplica a **todos os clientes** (Android, iOS, WA Web) e **não há como contornar por código** — é uma política imposta diretamente pelo servidor WA para contas hosted.
+>
+> **Como identificar se sua conta é hosted:**
+> - A conta foi criada via Meta Business Cloud API (WABA)
+> - Aparece como "Meta" ou "Business Cloud" nas configurações do WhatsApp Business Manager
+>
+> **Contas não-hosted** (registradas diretamente via QR code ou pair code) **funcionam normalmente** com view-once.
+
+---
+
+**Comportamento em cada dispositivo após envio via API (contas não-hosted):**
+
+| Dispositivo | O que aparece |
+|---|---|
+| Destinatário (Android/iOS) | Recebe a mídia com ícone de olhinho — pode abrir uma vez |
+| Android principal do remetente | Mostra na conversa que a mensagem foi enviada (ícone de olhinho) |
+| WA Web do remetente | "Aguardando mensagem. Abra o WhatsApp no seu celular." |
+
+> **Nota:** A mensagem "Aguardando mensagem..." no WA Web é o comportamento correto e esperado quando o envio vem de um companion (API). É uma limitação do protocolo WhatsApp — o servidor só permite que o celular principal notifique companions com o conteúdo da view-once.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Como Enviar via API
+
+### 2.1 Imagem
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST https://sua-api.com/v1/messages/send_image \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -H "x-api-key: SEU_API_KEY" \
+  -d '{
+    "instance": "nome-da-instancia",
+    "to": "5511999999999",
+    "caption": "Olha só isso!",
+    "imageUrl": "https://exemplo.com/foto.jpg",
+    "viewOnce": true
+  }'
+```
+
+**Resposta de sucesso:**
+```json
+{ "ok": true }
+```
+
+### 2.2 Vídeo
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST https://sua-api.com/v1/messages/send_video \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -H "x-api-key: SEU_API_KEY" \
+  -d '{
+    "instance": "nome-da-instancia",
+    "to": "5511999999999",
+    "caption": "Assista uma vez",
+    "videoUrl": "https://exemplo.com/video.mp4",
+    "viewOnce": true
+  }'
+```
+
+### 2.3 Áudio
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST https://sua-api.com/v1/messages/send_audio \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -H "x-api-key: SEU_API_KEY" \
+  -d '{
+    "instance": "nome-da-instancia",
+    "to": "5511999999999",
+    "audioUrl": "https://exemplo.com/audio.ogg",
+    "ptt": false,
+    "viewOnce": true
+  }'
+```
+
+### 2.4 Usando Base64 (sem URL pública)
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST https://sua-api.com/v1/messages/send_image \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -H "x-api-key: SEU_API_KEY" \
+  -d '{
+    "instance": "nome-da-instancia",
+    "to": "5511999999999",
+    "imageBase64": "data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgAB...",
+    "viewOnce": true
+  }'
+```
+
+---
+
+## 3. Como Receber via Webhook
+
+Quando um contato envia uma mensagem de visualização única para o número conectado na API, o webhook recebe o evento com `key.isViewOnce = true`.
+
+### 3.1 Estrutura do evento recebido
+
+```json
+{
+  "event": "messages.upsert",
+  "instance": "nome-da-instancia",
+  "data": {
+    "messages": [
+      {
+        "key": {
+          "remoteJid": "5511999999999@s.whatsapp.net",
+          "fromMe": false,
+          "id": "3EB0ABCDEF123456",
+          "isViewOnce": true
+        },
+        "message": {
+          "viewOnceMessageV2": {
+            "message": {
+              "imageMessage": {
+                "url": "https://mmg.whatsapp.net/...",
+                "mimetype": "image/jpeg",
+                "mediaKey": "base64...",
+                "fileEncSha256": "base64...",
+                "directPath": "/v/...",
+                "viewOnce": true
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        "messageTimestamp": 1742700000,
+        "pushName": "João Silva"
+      }
+    ],
+    "type": "notify"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 3.2 Como identificar que é view-once
+
+O campo principal para identificar é `key.isViewOnce = true`. Existem dois caminhos para confirmar:
+
+```javascript
+function isViewOnce(msg) {
+  // Caminho 1: flag direta (mais simples)
+  if (msg.key?.isViewOnce) return true
+
+  // Caminho 2: verificar o wrapper da mensagem
+  const inner =
+    msg.message?.viewOnceMessageV2?.message ||
+    msg.message?.viewOnceMessage?.message ||
+    msg.message?.viewOnceMessageV2Extension?.message
+
+  return !!(
+    inner?.imageMessage?.viewOnce ||
+    inner?.videoMessage?.viewOnce ||
+    inner?.audioMessage?.viewOnce
+  )
+}
+```
+
+### 3.3 Como acessar a mídia
+
+```javascript
+function getViewOnceMedia(msg) {
+  const inner =
+    msg.message?.viewOnceMessageV2?.message ||
+    msg.message?.viewOnceMessage?.message ||
+    msg.message?.viewOnceMessageV2Extension?.message
+
+  if (!inner) return null
+
+  if (inner.imageMessage) return { type: 'image', media: inner.imageMessage }
+  if (inner.videoMessage) return { type: 'video', media: inner.videoMessage }
+  if (inner.audioMessage) return { type: 'audio', media: inner.audioMessage }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+// Uso:
+const media = getViewOnceMedia(msg)
+if (media) {
+  console.log(`View-once ${media.type}`)
+  console.log('URL:', media.media.url)
+  console.log('DirectPath:', media.media.directPath)
+  console.log('MediaKey:', media.media.mediaKey) // necessário para download
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4. Como Exibir numa Ferramenta (Frontend/CRM)
+
+### 4.1 Lógica de detecção e exibição
+
+```javascript
+function renderMessage(msg) {
+  if (!isViewOnce(msg)) {
+    // Renderizar mensagem normal
+    return renderNormalMessage(msg)
+  }
+
+  const media = getViewOnceMedia(msg)
+  if (!media) return
+
+  // Verificar se já foi aberta (controle local da ferramenta)
+  const alreadyOpened = localStorage.getItem(`vo_${msg.key.id}`)
+
+  if (alreadyOpened) {
+    // Mostrar placeholder de "já visualizado"
+    return renderViewOncePlaceholder(media.type, msg.key.fromMe)
+  }
+
+  if (msg.key.fromMe) {
+    // Mensagem enviada por mim — nunca mostrar conteúdo
+    return renderSentViewOnce(media.type)
+  }
+
+  // Mensagem recebida — mostrar botão para "abrir uma vez"
+  return renderViewOnceButton(media.type, msg)
+}
+```
+
+### 4.2 Componente de exibição — mensagem recebida
+
+```javascript
+function renderViewOnceButton(type, msg) {
+  const icons = { image: '📷', video: '🎥', audio: '🎵' }
+  const labels = { image: 'Foto', video: 'Vídeo', áudio: 'Áudio' }
+
+  return `
+    <div class="view-once-bubble received">
+      <span class="view-once-icon">${icons[type]}</span>
+      <span class="view-once-label">${labels[type]} de visualização única</span>
+      <button onclick="openViewOnce('${msg.key.id}', '${type}')">
+        Abrir
+      </button>
+    </div>
+  `
+}
+
+async function openViewOnce(msgId, type) {
+  // 1. Marcar como aberta ANTES de mostrar (só uma chance)
+  localStorage.setItem(`vo_${msgId}`, '1')
+
+  // 2. Baixar e mostrar a mídia
+  const mediaUrl = await downloadViewOnceMedia(msgId)
+  showMedia(type, mediaUrl)
+
+  // 3. Após fechar/visualizar, substituir pelo placeholder
+  onMediaClosed(() => {
+    replaceWithPlaceholder(msgId, type)
+  })
+}
+```
+
+### 4.3 Componente de exibição — mensagem enviada
+
+```javascript
+function renderSentViewOnce(type) {
+  const labels = { image: 'Foto', video: 'Vídeo', audio: 'Áudio' }
+  return `
+    <div class="view-once-bubble sent">
+      <span class="view-once-icon">👁️</span>
+      <span>${labels[type]} de visualização única</span>
+      <span class="view-once-status">Enviada</span>
+    </div>
+  `
+}
+```
+
+### 4.4 Placeholder após visualização
+
+```javascript
+function renderViewOncePlaceholder(type, fromMe) {
+  const labels = { image: 'foto', video: 'vídeo', audio: 'áudio' }
+  const text = fromMe
+    ? `Você enviou uma ${labels[type]} de visualização única`
+    : `${labels[type]} de visualização única aberta`
+
+  return `
+    <div class="view-once-bubble placeholder">
+      <span class="view-once-icon">🚫</span>
+      <span>${text}</span>
+    </div>
+  `
+}
+```
+
+### 4.5 CSS sugerido
+
+```css
+.view-once-bubble {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  padding: 10px 14px;
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  max-width: 280px;
+}
+
+.view-once-bubble.received {
+  background: #f0f0f0;
+  color: #333;
+}
+
+.view-once-bubble.sent {
+  background: #dcf8c6;
+  color: #333;
+  align-self: flex-end;
+}
+
+.view-once-bubble.placeholder {
+  background: #e8e8e8;
+  color: #999;
+  font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.view-once-bubble button {
+  background: #25d366;
+  color: white;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  padding: 6px 12px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  font-size: 13px;
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5. Código Implementado na API
+
+### 5.1 Geração da mensagem — `src/Utils/messages.ts`
+
+Quando `viewOnce: true` é passado, a mídia é encapsulada no wrapper moderno `viewOnceMessageV2` (campo 55 do proto) e o flag `viewOnce=true` é setado na mídia interna:
+
+```typescript
+if (hasOptionalProperty(message, 'viewOnce') && !!message.viewOnce) {
+    // Seta viewOnce=true na mensagem de mídia interna
+    if (m.imageMessage) m.imageMessage.viewOnce = true
+    else if (m.videoMessage) m.videoMessage.viewOnce = true
+    else if (m.audioMessage) m.audioMessage.viewOnce = true
+    // Usa viewOnceMessageV2 (campo 55) — formato atual do WA
+    m = { viewOnceMessageV2: { message: m } }
+}
+```
+
+### 5.2 Envio — `src/Socket/messages-send.ts`
+
+**Detecção de view-once real** (não confunde com botões/listas que também usam o wrapper `viewOnceMessage`):
+
+```typescript
+// Detecta view-once real pela flag viewOnce na mídia interna.
+// viewOnceMessage* wrappers são também usados por botões/listas/carrosséis
+// (que carregam interactiveMessage dentro) — esses NÃO têm viewOnce=true na mídia.
+const viewOnceInner =
+    message.viewOnceMessageV2?.message ||
+    message.viewOnceMessage?.message ||
+    message.viewOnceMessageV2Extension?.message
+const isViewOnceMsg = !!(
+    viewOnceInner?.imageMessage?.viewOnce ||
+    viewOnceInner?.videoMessage?.viewOnce ||
+    viewOnceInner?.audioMessage?.viewOnce
+)
+
+// Para view-once: DSM enviado apenas para o celular principal (device=0).
+// Companions (device>0) são omitidos — o servidor WA gera
+// <unavailable type="view_once"/> automaticamente para eles.
+const viewOnceMeRecipients = isViewOnceMsg
+    ? meRecipients.filter(jid => !jidDecode(jid)?.device)
+    : meRecipients
+
+// assertSessions apenas para quem vai realmente receber
+await assertSessions([...viewOnceMeRecipients, ...otherRecipients])
+
+const [meNodes, otherNodes] = await Promise.all([
+    createParticipantNodes(viewOnceMeRecipients, meMsg || message, extraAttrs),
+    createParticipantNodes(otherRecipients, message, extraAttrs)
+])
+participants.push(...meNodes)
+participants.push(...otherNodes)
+
+// phash recalculado com os participantes reais
+const phashRecipients = isViewOnceMsg
+    ? [...viewOnceMeRecipients, ...otherRecipients]
+    : [...meRecipients, ...otherRecipients]
+if (phashRecipients.length > 0) {
+    extraAttrs['phash'] = generateParticipantHashV2(phashRecipients)
+}
+```
+
+**`getMediaType()` — garante que vídeo e áudio view-once sejam entregues:**
+
+```typescript
+const getMediaType = (message: proto.IMessage) => {
+    // Desencapsula wrapper view-once antes de verificar o tipo de mídia.
+    // Sem isso, message.videoMessage e message.audioMessage são undefined
+    // (estão dentro do wrapper) e o atributo mediatype ficaria ausente no
+    // enc node — o servidor WA descarta silenciosamente vídeo/áudio view-once.
+    const inner =
+        message.viewOnceMessage?.message ||
+        message.viewOnceMessageV2?.message ||
+        message.viewOnceMessageV2Extension?.message
+    if (inner) {
+        return getMediaType(inner)
+    }
+
+    if (message.imageMessage) return 'image'
+    else if (message.videoMessage) return 'video'
+    // ...
+}
+```
+
+### 5.3 Recepção — `src/Utils/decode-wa-message.ts`
+
+Quando a API recebe uma view-once como companion (linked device), o servidor envia dois stanzas:
+
+- **Stanza 1** (`enc`): conteúdo completo com metadados da mídia
+- **Stanza 2** (`unavailable type="view_once"`): sinal de sync
+
+O stanza 1 é detectado e marcado corretamente:
+
+```typescript
+// Detecta view-once na stanza 1 recebida por linked device.
+// O wrapper viewOnceMessage também é usado por mensagens interativas
+// (interactiveMessage, listMessage) — esses NÃO têm viewOnce=true na mídia.
+const viewOnceInner =
+    msg.viewOnceMessage?.message ||
+    msg.viewOnceMessageV2?.message ||
+    msg.viewOnceMessageV2Extension?.message
+if (
+    viewOnceInner?.imageMessage?.viewOnce ||
+    viewOnceInner?.videoMessage?.viewOnce ||
+    viewOnceInner?.audioMessage?.viewOnce
+) {
+    fullMessage.key.isViewOnce = true
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6. Fluxo Completo
+
+```
+API envia view-once para destinatário
+│
+├── Protobuf gerado:
+│   viewOnceMessageV2 {
+│     message {
+│       imageMessage { viewOnce: true, url, mediaKey, ... }
+│     }
+│   }
+│
+├── Stanza enviado ao servidor WA:
+│   <message to="destinatario@s.whatsapp.net" type="media">
+│     <enc type="pkmsg">...viewOnceMessageV2 cifrado...</enc>   ← para o destinatário
+│     <participants>
+│       <to jid="meu-numero:0@lid">                             ← celular principal
+│         <enc type="msg">...DSM{viewOnceMessageV2}...</enc>
+│       </to>
+│       <!-- device>0 omitidos — servidor gera unavailable -->
+│     </participants>
+│   </message>
+│
+└── Distribuição pelo servidor:
+    ├── Destinatário      → recebe enc → abre uma vez ✅
+    ├── Celular principal → recebe DSM → mostra "você enviou" ✅
+    └── WA Web            → recebe <unavailable> → "Aguardando..." ✅
+
+
+Destinatário envia view-once de volta para a API
+│
+├── Stanza recebido pela API (stanza 1 — enc com conteúdo):
+│   <message from="destinatario@s.whatsapp.net" type="media">
+│     <enc type="msg">...viewOnceMessageV2 cifrado...</enc>
+│   </message>
+│
+├── decode-wa-message.ts:
+│   └── Descriptografa → detecta viewOnce=true → seta key.isViewOnce=true
+│
+├── Stanza recebido (stanza 2 — unavailable, ignorado):
+│   <message from="...">
+│     <unavailable type="view_once"/>
+│   </message>
+│
+└── Webhook emitido:
+    messages.upsert → msg.key.isViewOnce = true ✅
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7. Limitações
+
+| Situação | Comportamento | Motivo |
+|---|---|---|
+| **Conta hosted (Meta Business Cloud API)** | **View-once bloqueado para todos os clientes** | **Política do servidor WA para contas hosted — sem workaround** |
+| WA Web do remetente | "Aguardando mensagem. Abra no celular." | Servidor WA só aceita `<unavailable>` vindo do celular principal, não de companions |
+| View-once de documento/sticker | Não suportado | Limitação do protocolo WA — só imagem, vídeo e áudio |
+| `error_479` nos logs | Normal, não é erro | TcToken é atualizado após o envio de view-once |
+| Companion não consegue abrir | Por design | O conteúdo não é entregue para linked devices |
+
+---
+
+## 8. Checklist de Validação
+
+**Envio:**
+- [ ] Destinatário recebe com ícone de olhinho
+- [ ] Destinatário consegue abrir a mídia
+- [ ] Após abrir, a mídia some
+- [ ] Celular principal do remetente mostra "você enviou" com ícone de olhinho
+- [ ] WA Web do remetente mostra "Aguardando mensagem..."
+- [ ] Funciona para imagem, vídeo e áudio
+- [ ] Logs mostram `📤 Message sent` (error_479 é normal)
+
+**Recepção:**
+- [ ] Webhook recebe `key.isViewOnce = true`
+- [ ] `viewOnceMessageV2.message.imageMessage` (ou video/audio) está presente
+- [ ] API não crasha ao receber view-once de outro dispositivo
+- [ ] Mensagem interativa (botão/lista) enviada após view-once não é afetada

src/Defaults/baileys-version.json

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":[2,3000,1035595667]}
+{"version":[2,3000,1035913242]}

src/Defaults/index.ts

@@ -154,7 +154,20 @@ export const MEDIA_PATH_MAP: { [T in MediaType]?: string } = {
 	'md-msg-hist': '/mms/md-app-state',
 	'biz-cover-photo': '/pps/biz-cover-photo',
 	'sticker-pack': '/mms/sticker-pack',
-	'thumbnail-sticker-pack': '/mms/thumbnail-sticker-pack'
+	'thumbnail-sticker-pack': '/mms/thumbnail-sticker-pack',
+	// View-once types — same upload path as regular media (server CDN routing TBD)
+	'viewonce-image': '/mms/image',
+	'viewonce-video': '/mms/video',
+	'viewonce-audio': '/mms/audio'
+}
+
+export const NEWSLETTER_MEDIA_PATH_MAP: { [T in MediaType]?: string } = {
+	image: '/newsletter/newsletter-image',
+	video: '/newsletter/newsletter-video',
+	document: '/newsletter/newsletter-document',
+	audio: '/newsletter/newsletter-audio',
+	sticker: '/newsletter/newsletter-image',
+	'thumbnail-link': '/newsletter/newsletter-image'
 }
 
 export const MEDIA_HKDF_KEY_MAPPING = {
@@ -178,7 +191,11 @@ export const MEDIA_HKDF_KEY_MAPPING = {
 	ptv: 'Video',
 	'biz-cover-photo': 'Image',
 	'sticker-pack': 'Sticker Pack',
-	'thumbnail-sticker-pack': 'Sticker Pack Thumbnail'
+	'thumbnail-sticker-pack': 'Sticker Pack Thumbnail',
+	// View-once types — same HKDF keys as regular types (recipients decrypt with normal keys)
+	'viewonce-image': 'Image',
+	'viewonce-video': 'Video',
+	'viewonce-audio': 'Audio'
 }
 
 export type MediaType = keyof typeof MEDIA_HKDF_KEY_MAPPING

src/Socket/messages-recv.ts

@@ -2258,6 +2258,17 @@ export const makeMessagesRecvSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 			return
 		}
 
+		// Handle view-once unavailable sync from primary device.
+		// When the primary device sends a view-once, linked companions receive
+		// <unavailable type="view_once"/> — no enc content, just a sync signal.
+		// Acknowledge and skip decryption (nothing to decrypt).
+		const unavailableNode = getBinaryNodeChild(node, 'unavailable')
+		if (unavailableNode?.attrs?.type === 'view_once') {
+			logger.debug({ id: node.attrs.id, from: node.attrs.from }, 'received view_once unavailable sync from primary device')
+			await sendMessageAck(node)
+			return
+		}
+
 		const {
 			fullMessage: msg,
 			category,
@@ -2552,6 +2563,11 @@ export const makeMessagesRecvSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 
 						await sendReceipt(msg.key.remoteJid!, participant!, [msg.key.id!], type)
 
+						// NOTE: do NOT send view_once_read from a linked device (API).
+						// WA shows view-once as view_once_unavailable_fanout on linked devices — only the
+						// primary phone sends view_once_read when the user actually opens it.
+						// Sending it from a linked device causes WA to flag the account and disables view-once.
+
 						// send ack for history message
 						const isAnyHistoryMsg = getHistoryMsg(msg.message!)
 						if (isAnyHistoryMsg) {

src/Socket/messages-send.ts

@@ -1041,7 +1041,8 @@ export const makeMessagesSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 		}
 
 		await authState.keys.transaction(async () => {
-			const mediaType = getMediaType(message)
+			// normalizeMessageContent unwraps viewOnceMessage/viewOnceMessageV2 so getMediaType works correctly
+			const mediaType = getMediaType(normalizeMessageContent(message) || message)
 			if (mediaType) {
 				extraAttrs['mediatype'] = mediaType
 			}
@@ -1051,7 +1052,7 @@ export const makeMessagesSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 				const bytes = encodeNewsletterMessage(patched as proto.IMessage)
 				binaryNodeContent.push({
 					tag: 'plaintext',
-					attrs: {},
+					attrs: mediaType ? { mediatype: mediaType } : {},
 					content: bytes
 				})
 				const stanza: BinaryNode = {
@@ -1073,6 +1074,8 @@ export const makeMessagesSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 				extraAttrs['decrypt-fail'] = 'hide' // todo: expand for reactions and other types
 			}
 
+			// view_once_write disabled — causes server to drop message (validation fails for linked device sessions)
+
 			if (isGroupOrStatus && !isRetryResend) {
 				const [groupData, senderKeyMap] = await Promise.all([
 					(async () => {
@@ -1277,21 +1280,48 @@ export const makeMessagesSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 					: otherRecipients
 				const effectiveAllRecipients = [...effectiveMeRecipients, ...effectiveOtherRecipients]
 
-				await assertSessions(effectiveAllRecipients)
+				// P2: detect actual view-once media by checking inner message's viewOnce flag.
+				// viewOnceMessage wrapper is also used for interactive messages (buttons, lists, etc)
+				// which do NOT carry viewOnce=true on the media — those must NOT be filtered.
+				const viewOnceInner =
+					message.viewOnceMessageV2?.message ||
+					message.viewOnceMessage?.message ||
+					message.viewOnceMessageV2Extension?.message
+				const isViewOnceMsg = !!(
+					viewOnceInner?.imageMessage?.viewOnce ||
+					viewOnceInner?.videoMessage?.viewOnce ||
+					viewOnceInner?.audioMessage?.viewOnce
+				)
+
+				// For view-once: only send DSM to primary phone (device=0).
+				// Companion devices (device>0) are omitted — WA server generates
+				// <unavailable type="view_once"/> for them automatically.
+				// Sending explicit <unavailable> from a companion is rejected by the server.
+				const viewOnceMeRecipients = isViewOnceMsg
+					? effectiveMeRecipients.filter(jid => !jidDecode(jid)?.device)
+					: effectiveMeRecipients
+
+				// P3: assert sessions only for recipients we actually encrypt for.
+				// For view-once, companions are omitted — asserting their sessions is wasteful
+				// and could block the send if a companion session is corrupted.
+				await assertSessions([...viewOnceMeRecipients, ...effectiveOtherRecipients])
 
 				const [
 					{ nodes: meNodes, shouldIncludeDeviceIdentity: s1 },
 					{ nodes: otherNodes, shouldIncludeDeviceIdentity: s2 }
 				] = await Promise.all([
-					// For own devices: use DSM (deviceSentMessage) wrapper
+					createParticipantNodes(viewOnceMeRecipients, meMsg || message, extraAttrs),
-					createParticipantNodes(effectiveMeRecipients, meMsg || message, extraAttrs),
 					createParticipantNodes(effectiveOtherRecipients, message, extraAttrs)
 				])
 				participants.push(...meNodes)
 				participants.push(...otherNodes)
 
-				if (effectiveMeRecipients.length > 0 || effectiveOtherRecipients.length > 0) {
+				// phash: para view-once inclui só celular principal + destinatários
-					extraAttrs['phash'] = generateParticipantHashV2(effectiveAllRecipients)
+				const phashRecipients = isViewOnceMsg
+					? [...viewOnceMeRecipients, ...effectiveOtherRecipients]
+					: effectiveAllRecipients
+				if (phashRecipients.length > 0) {
+					extraAttrs['phash'] = generateParticipantHashV2(phashRecipients)
 				}
 
 				shouldIncludeDeviceIdentity = shouldIncludeDeviceIdentity || s1 || s2
@@ -1897,6 +1927,15 @@ export const makeMessagesSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 	}
 
 	const getMediaType = (message: proto.IMessage) => {
+		// For view-once media, unwrap the viewOnceMessage wrapper before checking media type
+		const inner =
+			message.viewOnceMessage?.message ||
+			message.viewOnceMessageV2?.message ||
+			message.viewOnceMessageV2Extension?.message
+		if (inner) {
+			return getMediaType(inner)
+		}
+
 		if (message.imageMessage) {
 			return 'image'
 		} else if (message.videoMessage) {

src/Types/Message.ts

@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ export type MessageReceiptType =
 	| 'sender'
 	| 'inactive'
 	| 'played'
+	| 'view_once_read'
 	| undefined
 
 export type MediaConnInfo = {
@@ -178,6 +179,8 @@ export interface WAUrlInfo {
 type Mentionable = {
 	/** list of jids that are mentioned in the accompanying text */
 	mentions?: string[]
+	/** mention all participants in the group */
+	mentionAll?: boolean
 }
 type Contextable = {
 	/** add contextInfo to the message */
@@ -990,8 +993,16 @@ export type MessageGenerationOptionsFromContent = MiscMessageGenerationOptions &
 
 export type WAMediaUploadFunction = (
 	encFilePath: string,
-	opts: { fileEncSha256B64: string; mediaType: MediaType; timeoutMs?: number }
+	opts: { fileEncSha256B64: string; mediaType: MediaType; timeoutMs?: number; newsletter?: boolean }
-) => Promise<{ mediaUrl: string; directPath: string; meta_hmac?: string; ts?: number; fbid?: number }>
+) => Promise<{
+	mediaUrl: string | undefined
+	directPath: string
+	meta_hmac?: string
+	ts?: number
+	fbid?: number
+	thumbnailDirectPath?: string
+	thumbnailSha256?: string
+}>
 
 export type MediaGenerationOptions = {
 	logger?: ILogger

src/Utils/decode-wa-message.ts

@@ -392,6 +392,23 @@ export const decryptMessageNode = (
 						} else {
 							fullMessage.message = msg
 						}
+
+						// Detect view-once media on stanza 1 received by linked device.
+						// viewOnceMessage wrapper is also used for interactive messages
+						// (interactiveMessage, listMessage, nativeFlowMessage) -- those do NOT have
+						// imageMessage.viewOnce / videoMessage.viewOnce / audioMessage.viewOnce = true.
+						// Only real view-once media carries viewOnce: true on the inner media message.
+						const viewOnceInner =
+							msg.viewOnceMessage?.message ||
+							msg.viewOnceMessageV2?.message ||
+							msg.viewOnceMessageV2Extension?.message
+						if (
+							viewOnceInner?.imageMessage?.viewOnce ||
+							viewOnceInner?.videoMessage?.viewOnce ||
+							viewOnceInner?.audioMessage?.viewOnce
+						) {
+							fullMessage.key.isViewOnce = true
+						}
 					} catch (err: any) {
 						// Check if this is a final failure after all retries exhausted
 						const isRetryExhausted = err instanceof RetryExhaustedError

src/Utils/messages-media.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,13 @@ import { join } from 'path'
 import { Readable, Transform } from 'stream'
 import { URL } from 'url'
 import { proto } from '../../WAProto/index.js'
-import { DEFAULT_ORIGIN, MEDIA_HKDF_KEY_MAPPING, MEDIA_PATH_MAP, type MediaType } from '../Defaults'
+import {
+	DEFAULT_ORIGIN,
+	MEDIA_HKDF_KEY_MAPPING,
+	MEDIA_PATH_MAP,
+	type MediaType,
+	NEWSLETTER_MEDIA_PATH_MAP
+} from '../Defaults'
 import type {
 	BaileysEventMap,
 	DownloadableMessage,
@@ -681,6 +687,10 @@ type MediaUploadResult = {
 	meta_hmac?: string
 	ts?: number
 	fbid?: number
+	thumbnail_info?: {
+		thumbnail_sha256?: string
+		thumbnail_direct_path?: string
+	}
 }
 
 export type UploadParams = {
@@ -825,11 +835,21 @@ export const getWAUploadToServer = (
 	{ customUploadHosts, fetchAgent, logger, options }: SocketConfig,
 	refreshMediaConn: (force: boolean) => Promise<MediaConnInfo>
 ): WAMediaUploadFunction => {
-	return async (filePath, { mediaType, fileEncSha256B64, timeoutMs }) => {
+	return async (filePath, { mediaType, fileEncSha256B64, timeoutMs, newsletter }) => {
 		// send a query JSON to obtain the url & auth token to upload our media
 		let uploadInfo = await refreshMediaConn(false)
 
-		let urls: { mediaUrl: string; directPath: string; meta_hmac?: string; ts?: number; fbid?: number } | undefined
+		let urls:
+			| {
+					mediaUrl: string
+					directPath: string
+					meta_hmac?: string
+					ts?: number
+					fbid?: number
+					thumbnailDirectPath?: string
+					thumbnailSha256?: string
+			  }
+			| undefined
 		const hosts = [...customUploadHosts, ...uploadInfo.hosts]
 
 		fileEncSha256B64 = encodeBase64EncodedStringForUpload(fileEncSha256B64)
@@ -851,7 +871,11 @@ export const getWAUploadToServer = (
 			logger.debug(`uploading to "${hostname}"`)
 
 			const auth = encodeURIComponent(uploadInfo.auth)
-			const url = `https://${hostname}${MEDIA_PATH_MAP[mediaType]}/${fileEncSha256B64}?auth=${auth}&token=${fileEncSha256B64}`
+			const mediaPath = (newsletter ? NEWSLETTER_MEDIA_PATH_MAP[mediaType] : undefined) || MEDIA_PATH_MAP[mediaType]
+			let url = `https://${hostname}${mediaPath}/${fileEncSha256B64}?auth=${auth}&token=${fileEncSha256B64}`
+			if (newsletter) {
+				url += '&server_thumb_gen=1'
+			}
 
 			let result: MediaUploadResult | undefined
 			try {
@@ -868,11 +892,13 @@ export const getWAUploadToServer = (
 
 				if (result?.url || result?.direct_path) {
 					urls = {
-						mediaUrl: result.url!,
+						mediaUrl: result.url || result.direct_path!,
 						directPath: result.direct_path!,
 						meta_hmac: result.meta_hmac,
 						fbid: result.fbid,
-						ts: result.ts
+						ts: result.ts,
+						thumbnailDirectPath: result.thumbnail_info?.thumbnail_direct_path,
+						thumbnailSha256: result.thumbnail_info?.thumbnail_sha256
 					}
 					break
 				} else {

src/Utils/messages.ts

@@ -196,10 +196,11 @@ export const prepareWAMessageMedia = async (
 		)
 
 		const fileSha256B64 = fileSha256.toString('base64')
-		const { mediaUrl, directPath } = await options.upload(filePath, {
+		const { directPath, thumbnailDirectPath, thumbnailSha256 } = await options.upload(filePath, {
 			fileEncSha256B64: fileSha256B64,
 			mediaType: mediaType,
-			timeoutMs: options.mediaUploadTimeoutMs
+			timeoutMs: options.mediaUploadTimeoutMs,
+			newsletter: true
 		})
 
 		await fs.unlink(filePath)
@@ -207,10 +208,12 @@ export const prepareWAMessageMedia = async (
 		const obj = WAProto.Message.fromObject({
 			// todo: add more support here
 			[`${mediaType}Message`]: (MessageTypeProto as any)[mediaType].fromObject({
-				url: mediaUrl,
+				// url intentionally omitted — newsletters use directPath only
 				directPath,
 				fileSha256,
 				fileLength,
+				thumbnailDirectPath,
+				thumbnailSha256: thumbnailSha256 ? Buffer.from(thumbnailSha256, 'base64') : undefined,
 				...uploadData,
 				media: undefined
 			})
@@ -236,7 +239,7 @@ export const prepareWAMessageMedia = async (
 	const requiresDurationComputation = mediaType === 'audio' && typeof uploadData.seconds === 'undefined'
 	const requiresThumbnailComputation =
 		(mediaType === 'image' || mediaType === 'video') && typeof uploadData['jpegThumbnail'] === 'undefined'
-	const requiresWaveformProcessing = mediaType === 'audio' && uploadData.ptt === true
+	const requiresWaveformProcessing = mediaType === 'audio' && uploadData.ptt === true && typeof uploadData.waveform === 'undefined'
 	const requiresAudioBackground = options.backgroundColor && mediaType === 'audio' && uploadData.ptt === true
 	const requiresOriginalForSomeProcessing = requiresDurationComputation || requiresThumbnailComputation
 	const { mediaKey, encFilePath, originalFilePath, fileEncSha256, fileSha256, fileLength } = await encryptedStream(
@@ -254,7 +257,9 @@ export const prepareWAMessageMedia = async (
 		(async () => {
 			const result = await options.upload(encFilePath, {
 				fileEncSha256B64,
-				mediaType,
+				// Use mediaTypeOverride for upload path (e.g. 'viewonce-image' → /o1/mms/image)
+				// Encryption already used the override via encryptedStream above
+				mediaType: options.mediaTypeOverride || mediaType,
 				timeoutMs: options.mediaUploadTimeoutMs
 			})
 			logger?.debug({ mediaType, cacheableKey }, 'uploaded media')
@@ -292,7 +297,7 @@ export const prepareWAMessageMedia = async (
 					logger?.debug('computed audio duration')
 				}
 
-				if (requiresWaveformProcessing) {
+				if (requiresWaveformProcessing && !uploadData.waveform) {
 					uploadData.waveform = await getAudioWaveform(filePath, logger)
 					logger?.debug('processed waveform')
 				}
@@ -1747,22 +1752,49 @@ export const generateWAMessageContent = async (
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
-		m = await prepareWAMessageMedia(message, options)
+		// For view-once media, upload to the one-time CDN (/o1/mms/*) instead of regular CDN
+		// WA Web view-once messages always have directPath: /o1/v/t24/... (not /v/t62.7118-24/...)
+		// Using the wrong CDN causes WA server to flag the account and breaks view-once capability
+		const isViewOnce = hasOptionalProperty(message, 'viewOnce') && !!message.viewOnce
+		const viewOnceTypeMap: Record<string, string> = {
+			image: 'viewonce-image',
+			video: 'viewonce-video',
+			audio: 'viewonce-audio'
+		}
+		const viewOnceOverride = isViewOnce
+			? viewOnceTypeMap[Object.keys(message).find(k => k in viewOnceTypeMap) || '']
+			: undefined
+		m = await prepareWAMessageMedia(message, {
+			...options,
+			mediaTypeOverride: (viewOnceOverride as any) || options.mediaTypeOverride
+		})
 	}
 
 	if (hasOptionalProperty(message, 'viewOnce') && !!message.viewOnce) {
-		m = { viewOnceMessage: { message: m } }
+		// Also set viewOnce=true on the inner media message (required by WA app to render as view-once)
+		if (m.imageMessage) m.imageMessage.viewOnce = true
+		else if (m.videoMessage) m.videoMessage.viewOnce = true
+		else if (m.audioMessage) m.audioMessage.viewOnce = true
+		// Use viewOnceMessageV2 (field 55) — modern WA clients use this wrapper
+		// viewOnceMessage (field 37) is the old format which WA server no longer accepts with view_once_write
+		m = { viewOnceMessageV2: { message: m } }
 	}
 
-	if (hasOptionalProperty(message, 'mentions') && message.mentions?.length) {
+	if (
+		(hasOptionalProperty(message, 'mentions') && message.mentions?.length) ||
+		(hasOptionalProperty(message, 'mentionAll') && message.mentionAll)
+	) {
 		const messageType = Object.keys(m)[0] as Extract<keyof proto.IMessage, MessageWithContextInfo>
 		if (messageType) {
 			const key = m[messageType]
-			if (key && 'contextInfo' in key && !!key.contextInfo) {
+			if (key && 'contextInfo' in key) {
-				key.contextInfo.mentionedJid = message.mentions
+				key.contextInfo = key.contextInfo || {}
-			} else if (key) {
+				if (message.mentions?.length) {
-				key.contextInfo = {
+					key.contextInfo.mentionedJid = message.mentions
-					mentionedJid: message.mentions
+				}
+
+				if (message.mentionAll) {
+					key.contextInfo.nonJidMentions = 1
 				}
 			}
 		}