feat(tctoken): complete lifecycle (TIER 1 + 2 + 3 of upstream PR)

feat(tctoken): complete lifecycle (TIER 1 + 2 + 3 of upstream PR)

src/Socket/chats.ts

@@ -98,6 +98,24 @@ export const makeChatsSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 
 	let privacySettings: { [_: string]: string } | undefined
 
+	/**
+	 * Server-assigned AB props that gate tctoken-related protocol behavior.
+	 * Defaults match WA Web (safe — avoids spurious error 463 if the prop never
+	 * arrives). Populated from `fetchProps()` on connection.
+	 *
+	 * - `privacyTokenOn1to1` (AB prop 10518 / `privacy_token_sending_on_all_1_on_1_messages`):
+	 *    include tctoken in 1:1 messages.
+	 * - `profilePicPrivacyToken` (AB prop 9666 / `profile_scraping_privacy_token_in_photo_iq`):
+	 *    include tctoken in profile picture IQs.
+	 * - `lidTrustedTokenIssueToLid` (AB prop 14303 / `lid_trusted_token_issue_to_lid`):
+	 *    issue privacy tokens to the contact's LID instead of the PN.
+	 */
+	const serverProps = {
+		privacyTokenOn1to1: true,
+		profilePicPrivacyToken: true,
+		lidTrustedTokenIssueToLid: false
+	}
+
 	let syncState: SyncState = SyncState.Connecting
 
 	/** this mutex ensures that messages from the same chat are processed in order, while allowing parallel processing of messages from different chats */
@@ -791,7 +809,10 @@ export const makeChatsSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 			me && (normalizedJid === jidNormalizedUser(me.id) || (me.lid && normalizedJid === jidNormalizedUser(me.lid)))
 		let content: BinaryNode[] | undefined = baseContent
 
-		if (isUserJid && !isSelf) {
+		// Gate inclusion on AB prop 9666 (profile_scraping_privacy_token_in_photo_iq).
+		// WA Web defaults to true; if the server flips it off, we mirror that to
+		// avoid divergence with the spec-compliant client.
+		if (serverProps.profilePicPrivacyToken && isUserJid && !isSelf) {
 			content = await buildTcTokenFromJid({
 				authState,
 				jid: normalizedJid,
@@ -1093,7 +1114,25 @@ export const makeChatsSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 			props = reduceBinaryNodeToDictionary(propsNode, 'prop')
 		}
 
-		logger.debug('fetched props')
+		// Extract protocol-relevant AB props (defaults match WA Web; see serverProps doc).
+		// We accept both numeric IDs and human-readable names so the parser is resilient
+		// to upstream renaming and to future-versioned WA Web servers.
+		const privacyTokenProp = props['10518'] ?? props['privacy_token_sending_on_all_1_on_1_messages']
+		if (privacyTokenProp !== undefined) {
+			serverProps.privacyTokenOn1to1 = privacyTokenProp === 'true' || privacyTokenProp === '1'
+		}
+
+		const profilePicProp = props['9666'] ?? props['profile_scraping_privacy_token_in_photo_iq']
+		if (profilePicProp !== undefined) {
+			serverProps.profilePicPrivacyToken = profilePicProp === 'true' || profilePicProp === '1'
+		}
+
+		const lidIssueProp = props['14303'] ?? props['lid_trusted_token_issue_to_lid']
+		if (lidIssueProp !== undefined) {
+			serverProps.lidTrustedTokenIssueToLid = lidIssueProp === 'true' || lidIssueProp === '1'
+		}
+
+		logger.debug({ serverProps }, 'fetched props')
 
 		return props
 	}
@@ -1611,6 +1650,7 @@ export const makeChatsSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 
 	return {
 		...sock,
+		serverProps,
 		createCallLink,
 		getBotListV2,
 		messageMutex,

src/Socket/messages-recv.ts

@@ -73,7 +73,14 @@ import {
 	recordMessageReceived,
 	recordMessageRetry
 } from '../Utils/prometheus-metrics.js'
-import { isTcTokenExpired, resolveTcTokenJid, storeTcTokensFromIqResult } from '../Utils/tc-token-utils'
+import {
+	buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite,
+	isTcTokenExpired,
+	resolveIssuanceJid,
+	resolveTcTokenJid,
+	storeTcTokensFromIqResult,
+	TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY
+} from '../Utils/tc-token-utils'
 import {
 	areJidsSameUser,
 	type BinaryNode,
@@ -164,7 +171,12 @@ export const makeMessagesRecvSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 	let sendActiveReceipts = false
 
 	// ======= tctoken index tracking for cross-session pruning =======
-	const TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY = '__index'
+	// TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY is imported from tc-token-utils so the value stays in sync
+	// with messages-send/process-message writes (avoids string drift on rename).
+	// Race note: this prune-driven index write may interleave with
+	// buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite calls from issuance/history-sync paths. Worst
+	// case: a JID resurrected by a stale read gets pruned again on the next 24h
+	// sweep — no data loss, just one extra cycle.
 	const TC_TOKEN_PRUNE_TS_KEY = '__prune_ts'
 	const tcTokenKnownJids = new Set<string>()
 	const tcTokenRetriedMsgIds = new Set<string>()
@@ -198,16 +210,25 @@ export const makeMessagesRecvSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 		}
 	})()
 
-	/** Debounced save of the tctoken JID index (5s) */
+	/**
+	 * Debounced save of the tctoken JID index (5s).
+	 *
+	 * Merges with the persisted index instead of overwriting — other layers
+	 * (messages-send fire-and-forget issuance, process-message history sync) may
+	 * write JIDs to the index via `buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite` without updating
+	 * `tcTokenKnownJids`. Without the merge those JIDs would be silently dropped
+	 * the next time this debounced save fires.
+	 */
 	const scheduleTcTokenIndexSave = () => {
 		if (tcTokenIndexSaveTimer) clearTimeout(tcTokenIndexSaveTimer)
 		tcTokenIndexSaveTimer = setTimeout(async () => {
 			try {
-				const arr = Array.from(tcTokenKnownJids)
+				const merged = await buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite(authState.keys, tcTokenKnownJids)
 				await authState.keys.set({
 					tctoken: {
+						...merged,
 						[TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY]: {
-							token: Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(arr), 'utf8'),
+							...merged[TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY],
 							timestamp: unixTimestampSeconds().toString()
 						}
 					}
@@ -1434,6 +1455,58 @@ export const makeMessagesRecvSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 		}, authState?.creds?.me?.id || 'sendRetryRequest')
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Fire-and-forget tctoken re-issuance after a peer's device identity changed.
+	 * Mirrors WAWebSendTcTokenWhenDeviceIdentityChange — runs in PARALLEL with the
+	 * session refresh (not after it).
+	 *
+	 * Why parallel and not sequential:
+	 *  - WA Web invokes this BEFORE assertSessions to maximise the chance the contact
+	 *    has a fresh tctoken by the time the next outbound send executes.
+	 *  - Running after assertSessions (the fork's previous behaviour) races with the
+	 *    next send and risks error 463 when the contact reinstalls and the user replies
+	 *    immediately afterwards.
+	 *
+	 * Gated on `entry.senderTimestamp` (we previously issued a token to this peer in the
+	 * current bucket window). Preserves the existing senderTimestamp instead of issuing
+	 * a fresh one — keeps WA Web's bucket coalescing semantics: same token, same window.
+	 */
+	const reissueTcTokenAfterIdentityChange = (from: string): void => {
+		void (async () => {
+			const normalizedJid = jidNormalizedUser(from)
+			const tcJid = await resolveTcTokenJid(normalizedJid, getLIDForPN)
+			const tcTokenData = await authState.keys.get('tctoken', [tcJid])
+			const senderTs = tcTokenData?.[tcJid]?.senderTimestamp
+
+			if (senderTs === null || senderTs === undefined || isTcTokenExpired(senderTs)) {
+				return
+			}
+
+			logTcToken('reissue', { jid: normalizedJid, reason: 'identity_changed', senderTimestamp: senderTs })
+			const getPNForLID = signalRepository.lidMapping.getPNForLID.bind(signalRepository.lidMapping)
+			const issueJid = await resolveIssuanceJid(
+				normalizedJid,
+				sock.serverProps.lidTrustedTokenIssueToLid,
+				getLIDForPN,
+				getPNForLID
+			)
+			const result = await getPrivacyTokens([issueJid], senderTs)
+			await storeTcTokensFromIqResult({
+				result,
+				fallbackJid: tcJid,
+				keys: authState.keys,
+				getLIDForPN,
+				onNewJidStored: storedJid => {
+					tcTokenKnownJids.add(storedJid)
+					scheduleTcTokenIndexSave()
+				}
+			})
+			logTcToken('reissue_ok', { jid: normalizedJid, reason: 'identity_changed' })
+		})().catch(err => {
+			logTcToken('reissue_fail', { jid: from, error: err?.message })
+		})
+	}
+
 	const handleEncryptNotification = async (node: BinaryNode) => {
 		const from = node.attrs.from
 		if (from === S_WHATSAPP_NET) {
@@ -1453,57 +1526,12 @@ export const makeMessagesRecvSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 				validateSession: signalRepository.validateSession,
 				assertSessions,
 				debounceCache: identityAssertDebounce,
-				logger
+				logger,
+				// Fire reissue in parallel with the session refresh, NOT after it.
+				// See reissueTcTokenAfterIdentityChange doc for the rationale.
+				onBeforeSessionRefresh: reissueTcTokenAfterIdentityChange
 			})
 
-			// When a session is refreshed (identity change), re-issue tctoken fire-and-forget
-			// WABA Android: reissue stores senderTimestamp + realIssueTimestamp after IQ success
-			if (result.action === 'session_refreshed') {
-				const normalizedJid = jidNormalizedUser(from)
-				resolveTcTokenJid(normalizedJid, getLIDForPN)
-					.then(async tcJid => {
-						const tcData = await authState.keys.get('tctoken', [tcJid])
-						const entry = tcData[tcJid]
-						if (entry?.token?.length && !isTcTokenExpired(entry.timestamp)) {
-							const senderTs = unixTimestampSeconds()
-							logTcToken('reissue', { jid: normalizedJid, reason: 'session_refreshed' })
-							getPrivacyTokens([normalizedJid], senderTs)
-								.then(async (iqResult) => {
-									await storeTcTokensFromIqResult({
-										result: iqResult,
-										fallbackJid: normalizedJid,
-										keys: authState.keys,
-										getLIDForPN,
-										onNewJidStored: (storedJid) => {
-											tcTokenKnownJids.add(storedJid)
-											scheduleTcTokenIndexSave()
-										}
-									})
-									// Persist senderTimestamp + realIssueTimestamp after IQ success
-									const currentData = await authState.keys.get('tctoken', [tcJid])
-									const currentEntry = currentData[tcJid]
-									await authState.keys.set({
-										tctoken: {
-											[tcJid]: {
-												...currentEntry,
-												token: currentEntry?.token ?? Buffer.alloc(0),
-												senderTimestamp: senderTs,
-												realIssueTimestamp: 0
-											}
-										}
-									})
-									logTcToken('reissue_ok', { jid: normalizedJid, reason: 'session_refreshed' })
-								})
-								.catch(err => {
-									logTcToken('reissue_fail', { jid: normalizedJid, error: err?.message })
-								})
-						}
-					})
-					.catch(() => {
-						/* ignore resolution errors */
-					})
-			}
-
 			if (result.action === 'no_identity_node') {
 				logger.info({ node }, 'unknown encrypt notification')
 			}
@@ -3220,19 +3248,24 @@ export const makeMessagesRecvSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 			// Await index load first — prevents overwriting a more complete persisted index
 			// if the connection closes before the initial load finishes.
 			tcTokenIndexLoaded
-				.then(() => {
+				.then(async () => {
-					Promise.resolve(
+					try {
-						authState.keys.set({
+						// Same merge-with-persisted invariant as scheduleTcTokenIndexSave —
+						// other layers may have written cross-layer JIDs to the index since
+						// our in-memory set was last updated.
+						const merged = await buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite(authState.keys, tcTokenKnownJids)
+						await authState.keys.set({
 							tctoken: {
+								...merged,
 								[TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY]: {
-									token: Buffer.from(JSON.stringify([...tcTokenKnownJids]), 'utf8'),
+									...merged[TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY],
 									timestamp: unixTimestampSeconds().toString()
 								}
 							}
 						})
-					).catch(() => {
+					} catch {
 						/* non-critical */
-					})
+					}
 				})
 				.catch(() => {
 					/* non-critical */

src/Socket/messages-send.ts

@@ -46,7 +46,10 @@ import { makeKeyedMutex } from '../Utils/make-mutex'
 import { metrics, recordMessageFailure, recordMessageSent } from '../Utils/prometheus-metrics'
 import { getMessageReportingToken, shouldIncludeReportingToken } from '../Utils/reporting-utils'
 import {
+	buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite,
+	isRegularUser,
 	isTcTokenExpired,
+	resolveIssuanceJid,
 	resolveTcTokenJid,
 	shouldSendNewTcToken,
 	storeTcTokensFromIqResult
@@ -125,6 +128,15 @@ export const makeMessagesSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 	// Tracks JIDs with an in-flight getPrivacyTokens IQ to avoid duplicate concurrent fetches
 	const tcTokenFetchingJids = new Set<string>()
 
+	/**
+	 * Set of tctoken storage JIDs with a fire-and-forget `issuePrivacyTokens` IQ in flight.
+	 * Distinct from `tcTokenFetchingJids` (which dedupes inbound *fetches* of the peer's
+	 * token). Prevents duplicate IQs when a caller fires several rapid back-to-back sends
+	 * to the same contact before `senderTimestamp` persists. Entries are always removed
+	 * in `.finally()`, so the set is bounded by current concurrency.
+	 */
+	const inFlightTcTokenIssuance = new Set<string>()
+
 	let mediaConn: Promise<MediaConnInfo>
 	const refreshMediaConn = async (forceGet = false) => {
 		const media = await mediaConn
@@ -1715,7 +1727,16 @@ export const makeMessagesSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 				}
 			}
 
-			if (tcTokenBuffer?.length) {
+			// Gate inclusion on AB prop 10518 (privacy_token_sending_on_all_1_on_1_messages).
+			// WA Web defaults to true; if the server flips it off we mirror that to avoid
+			// divergence with the spec-compliant client.
+			//
+			// CARROUSEL EXCEPTION: Pastorini-validated carousel stanzas REQUIRE tctoken
+			// (CDP capture confirms it). If the AB prop ever flips off, dropping the
+			// tctoken from carousel would break rendering on Android. Carousel always
+			// includes the tctoken when one is available, regardless of the prop —
+			// matching the fork's existing behaviour pre-PR #2339.
+			if (tcTokenBuffer?.length && (sock.serverProps.privacyTokenOn1to1 || isCarousel)) {
 				;(stanza.content as BinaryNode[]).push({
 					tag: 'tctoken',
 					attrs: {},
@@ -1815,13 +1836,39 @@ export const makeMessagesSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 			// Gated only by shouldSendNewTcToken — removed tcTokenBuffer?.length guard so
 			// issuance fires even when we don't yet hold a token (bucket boundary crossed).
 			// IMPORTANT: must run AFTER sendNode — issuing before the message causes error 463.
-			if (is1on1Send && shouldSendNewTcToken(existingTokenEntry?.senderTimestamp)) {
+			//
+			// WA Web also skips issuance for:
+			//   - protocol messages (revoke, ephemeral settings, etc — see TcTokenChatAction)
+			//   - PSA, bots, MetaAI (isRegularUser filter)
+			// and dedupes back-to-back issuances with `inFlightTcTokenIssuance` so a burst of
+			// rapid sends to the same contact only triggers a single IQ before senderTimestamp
+			// is persisted.
+			const isProtocolMsg = !!normalizeMessageContent(message)?.protocolMessage
+			// Use isRegularUser (the same Wid.isRegularUser() port that gates the store
+			// path) so we filter PSA/bot/MetaAI consistently regardless of JID server
+			// (@c.us vs @s.whatsapp.net) and device suffix. The previous PSA_WID/isJidBot
+			// checks only matched @c.us forms — destinationJid arrives normalized.
+			const isBotOrPSA = !isRegularUser(destinationJid)
+			if (
+				is1on1Send &&
+				!isProtocolMsg &&
+				!isBotOrPSA &&
+				shouldSendNewTcToken(existingTokenEntry?.senderTimestamp) &&
+				!inFlightTcTokenIssuance.has(tcTokenJid)
+			) {
+				inFlightTcTokenIssuance.add(tcTokenJid)
 				const issueTimestamp = unixTimestampSeconds()
 				logTcToken('reissue', { jid: destinationJid })
-				getPrivacyTokens([destinationJid], issueTimestamp)
+				const getPNForLID = signalRepository.lidMapping.getPNForLID.bind(signalRepository.lidMapping)
+				resolveIssuanceJid(
+					destinationJid,
+					sock.serverProps.lidTrustedTokenIssueToLid,
+					getLIDForPN,
+					getPNForLID
+				)
+					.then(issueJid => getPrivacyTokens([issueJid], issueTimestamp))
 					.then(async result => {
 						// Store any tokens received in the IQ response.
-						// onNewJidStored not passed — pruning index lives in messages-recv (higher layer).
 						await storeTcTokensFromIqResult({
 							result,
 							fallbackJid: tcTokenJid,
@@ -1832,9 +1879,11 @@ export const makeMessagesSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 						// Persist senderTimestamp unconditionally — WA Web stores it in the chat table
 						// regardless of whether a token exists. Spread preserves token+timestamp if present.
 						// WABA Android: INSERT INTO wa_trusted_contacts_send (jid, sent_tc_token_timestamp, real_issue_timestamp)
-						// VALUES (?, ?, 0) — realIssueTimestamp=0 means issued but not yet confirmed by server
+						// VALUES (?, ?, 0) — realIssueTimestamp=0 means issued but not yet confirmed by server.
+						// Also bump the cross-session prune index so this JID is tracked persistently.
 						const currentData = await authState.keys.get('tctoken', [tcTokenJid])
 						const currentEntry = currentData[tcTokenJid]
+						const indexWrite = await buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite(authState.keys, [tcTokenJid])
 						await authState.keys.set({
 							tctoken: {
 								[tcTokenJid]: {
@@ -1842,7 +1891,8 @@ export const makeMessagesSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 									token: currentEntry?.token ?? Buffer.alloc(0),
 									senderTimestamp: issueTimestamp,
 									realIssueTimestamp: 0
-								}
+								},
+								...indexWrite
 							}
 						})
 
@@ -1851,6 +1901,9 @@ export const makeMessagesSocket = (config: SocketConfig) => {
 					.catch(err => {
 						logTcToken('reissue_fail', { jid: destinationJid, error: err?.message })
 					})
+					.finally(() => {
+						inFlightTcTokenIssuance.delete(tcTokenJid)
+					})
 			}
 
 			// Log with [BAILEYS] prefix

src/Utils/identity-change-handler.ts

@@ -57,6 +57,16 @@ export type IdentityChangeContext = {
 	debounceCache: NodeCache<boolean>
 	/** Logger instance for debugging and monitoring */
 	logger: ILogger
+	/**
+	 * Invoked right before `assertSessions` is called for an existing-session identity
+	 * change. Used to kick off fire-and-forget side effects (e.g. tctoken re-issuance)
+	 * in the same order WA Web does — i.e. before the E2E session is re-established.
+	 * Must not throw; implementations are responsible for their own error handling.
+	 *
+	 * Skipped when the refresh itself is skipped (no_identity_node, invalid_notification,
+	 * skipped_companion_device, skipped_self_primary, debounced, skipped_offline).
+	 */
+	onBeforeSessionRefresh?: (jid: string) => void
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -170,6 +180,19 @@ export async function handleIdentityChange(
 	// This ensures we don't incorrectly debounce when we exit early (offline, etc.)
 	ctx.debounceCache.set(from, true)
 
+	// Fire-and-forget side effects (e.g. tctoken re-issuance) BEFORE the session is
+	// re-established. WA Web runs these in parallel with the session refresh —
+	// running afterwards would race with the next outbound send and risk error 463.
+	//
+	// Wrapped in try/catch so a misbehaving consumer callback cannot abort identity
+	// change recovery. We log and continue — assertSessions still runs so the E2E
+	// session always gets refreshed.
+	try {
+		ctx.onBeforeSessionRefresh?.(from)
+	} catch (error) {
+		ctx.logger.warn({ error, jid: from }, 'onBeforeSessionRefresh callback threw — continuing with session refresh')
+	}
+
 	// Attempt session refresh/creation
 	try {
 		await ctx.assertSessions([from], true)

src/Utils/process-message.ts

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ import { getKeyAuthor, toNumber } from './generics'
 import { downloadAndProcessHistorySyncNotification } from './history'
 import type { ILogger } from './logger'
 import { metrics, recordHistorySyncMessages } from './prometheus-metrics.js'
+import { buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite, resolveTcTokenJid } from './tc-token-utils'
 
 type ProcessMessageContext = {
 	shouldProcessHistoryMsg: boolean
@@ -62,6 +63,89 @@ const REAL_MSG_STUB_TYPES = new Set([
 
 const REAL_MSG_REQ_ME_STUB_TYPES = new Set([WAMessageStubType.GROUP_PARTICIPANT_ADD])
 
+/**
+ * Extract tctoken / tcTokenTimestamp / tcTokenSenderTimestamp from history-sync chats
+ * and persist them to the `tctoken` store. Mirrors WA Web's `bulkCreateOrMerge` pass
+ * over the chat table during history sync.
+ *
+ * Why this matters: when a user logs in on a new device, the multi-device history sync
+ * is the only way that device learns about tctokens issued/received on the original
+ * device. Without this pass, the new device sends 1:1 messages with no tctoken until
+ * the contact triggers a fresh notification — which surfaces as error 463 in production.
+ *
+ * Monotonicity: we only overwrite an existing entry if the incoming timestamp is
+ * STRICTLY newer (`incoming > existing`). Equal timestamps are skipped to avoid
+ * reverting senderTimestamp / realIssueTimestamp set by other layers (e.g. a
+ * reissue that fired between history-sync chunks).
+ *
+ * Index hygiene: every JID we write here is added to the persistent prune index
+ * (TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY) via buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite, so the 24h prune sweep in
+ * messages-recv picks them up across sessions.
+ */
+async function storeTcTokensFromHistorySync(
+	chats: Chat[],
+	signalRepository: SignalRepositoryWithLIDStore,
+	keyStore: SignalKeyStoreWithTransaction,
+	logger?: ILogger
+) {
+	const getLIDForPN = signalRepository.lidMapping.getLIDForPN.bind(signalRepository.lidMapping)
+
+	const candidates: { storageJid: string; token: Buffer; ts: number; senderTs?: number }[] = []
+	for (const chat of chats) {
+		const ts = chat.tcTokenTimestamp ? toNumber(chat.tcTokenTimestamp) : 0
+		if (chat.tcToken?.length && ts > 0) {
+			const jid = jidNormalizedUser(chat.id!)
+			const storageJid = await resolveTcTokenJid(jid, getLIDForPN)
+			candidates.push({
+				storageJid,
+				token: Buffer.from(chat.tcToken),
+				ts,
+				senderTs: chat.tcTokenSenderTimestamp ? toNumber(chat.tcTokenSenderTimestamp) : undefined
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!candidates.length) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	const jids = candidates.map(c => c.storageJid)
+	const existing = await keyStore.get('tctoken', jids)
+	const entries: Record<string, { token: Buffer; timestamp?: string; senderTimestamp?: number }> = {}
+
+	for (const c of candidates) {
+		// Same-batch dedup: when two chats resolve to the same storageJid (e.g. PN+LID
+		// aliases collapsing through resolveTcTokenJid, or duplicate chunks across
+		// retries), prefer the value already written by an earlier iteration so a
+		// lower-ts entry can't overwrite a higher-ts one captured from `existing`.
+		const existingEntry = entries[c.storageJid] ?? existing[c.storageJid]
+		const existingTs = existingEntry?.timestamp ? Number(existingEntry.timestamp) : 0
+		// Strict > guard: equal timestamps are skipped so we never clobber
+		// senderTimestamp written by other layers (issuance after send, etc).
+		if (existingTs > 0 && existingTs >= c.ts) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		entries[c.storageJid] = {
+			...existingEntry,
+			token: c.token,
+			timestamp: String(c.ts),
+			...(c.senderTs !== undefined ? { senderTimestamp: c.senderTs } : {})
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (Object.keys(entries).length) {
+		logger?.debug({ count: Object.keys(entries).length }, 'storing tctokens from history sync')
+		try {
+			// Include updated __index so cross-session pruning picks these JIDs up.
+			const indexWrite = await buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite(keyStore, Object.keys(entries))
+			await keyStore.set({ tctoken: { ...entries, ...indexWrite } })
+		} catch (err) {
+			logger?.warn({ err }, 'failed to store tctokens from history sync')
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 /** Cleans a received message to further processing */
 export const cleanMessage = (message: WAMessage, meId: string, meLid: string) => {
 	// ensure remoteJid and participant doesn't have device or agent in it
@@ -418,6 +502,12 @@ const processMessage = async (
 
 					// Emit LID-PN mappings from history sync
 					// This is how WhatsApp Web learns mappings for chats with non-contacts
+					//
+					// MUST run BEFORE storeTcTokensFromHistorySync — otherwise resolveTcTokenJid()
+					// can't resolve PN→LID for fresh-device chats (mapping cache is empty), tokens
+					// get persisted under PN keys, and the send path (which resolves to LID first)
+					// misses them — exactly the error 463 scenario this whole change is meant to
+					// prevent. Catches Codex P1 review on PR #386.
 					if (data.lidPnMappings?.length) {
 						logger?.debug({ count: data.lidPnMappings.length }, 'processing LID-PN mappings from history sync')
 						// eslint-disable-next-line max-depth
@@ -442,6 +532,12 @@ const processMessage = async (
 						}
 					}
 
+					// Persist tctokens carried by history-sync chats BEFORE emitting messaging-history.set
+					// — listeners may immediately fire outbound sends that need the tctoken, and the store
+					// has to be populated first to avoid an error 463 on the first multi-device send.
+					// Runs AFTER storeLIDPNMappings (see comment above) so LID resolution works.
+					await storeTcTokensFromHistorySync(data.chats, signalRepository, keyStore, logger)
+
 					ev.emit('messaging-history.set', {
 						...data,
 						isLatest: histNotification.syncType !== proto.HistorySync.HistorySyncType.ON_DEMAND ? isLatest : undefined,

src/Utils/tc-token-utils.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,86 @@
 import type { SignalKeyStoreWithTransaction } from '../Types'
 import type { BinaryNode } from '../WABinary'
-import { getBinaryNodeChild, getBinaryNodeChildren, isLidUser, jidNormalizedUser } from '../WABinary'
+import {
+	getBinaryNodeChild,
+	getBinaryNodeChildren,
+	isAnyLidUser,
+	isAnyPnUser,
+	isHostedLidUser,
+	isHostedPnUser,
+	isJidMetaAI,
+	isLidUser,
+	isPnUser,
+	jidNormalizedUser
+} from '../WABinary'
 
 /** 7 days in seconds — matches WA Web AB prop tctoken_duration */
 const TC_TOKEN_BUCKET_DURATION = 604800
 /** 4 buckets → ~28-day rolling window — matches WA Web AB prop tctoken_num_buckets */
 const TC_TOKEN_NUM_BUCKETS = 4
 
+/**
+ * Sentinel key under the `tctoken` store holding a JSON array of tracked storage JIDs
+ * for cross-session pruning. Mirrors WA Web's CLEAN_TC_TOKENS index lookup.
+ *
+ * Exported so other modules (messages-recv, messages-send, process-message) reference
+ * the same constant. The fork previously inlined this string in messages-recv.ts;
+ * keep the value identical (`'__index'`) for backward compatibility with persisted state.
+ */
+export const TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY = '__index'
+
+// Phone-number pattern matching WABinary's isJidBot, applied against the user part so
+// the check is invariant to @c.us ↔ @s.whatsapp.net normalization.
+const BOT_PHONE_REGEX = /^1313555\d{4}$|^131655500\d{2}$/
+
+/**
+ * Mirrors WA Web's `Wid.isRegularUser()` (user ∧ ¬PSA ∧ ¬Bot). Used to gate tctoken
+ * storage against malformed notifications — WA Web filters server-side but we
+ * defend here for parity with `WAWebSetTcTokenChatAction.handleIncomingTcToken`.
+ * Works for both pre- and post-normalized JIDs (`@c.us` vs `@s.whatsapp.net`).
+ */
+export function isRegularUser(jid: string | undefined): boolean {
+	if (!jid) return false
+	const user = jid.split('@')[0] ?? ''
+	if (user === '0') return false // PSA
+	if (BOT_PHONE_REGEX.test(user)) return false // Bot by phone pattern
+	if (isJidMetaAI(jid)) return false // MetaAI (@bot server)
+	return !!(isPnUser(jid) || isLidUser(jid) || isHostedPnUser(jid) || isHostedLidUser(jid) || jid.endsWith('@c.us'))
+}
+
+/** Read the persisted tctoken JID index and return its entries (never contains the sentinel key itself). */
+export async function readTcTokenIndex(keys: SignalKeyStoreWithTransaction): Promise<string[]> {
+	const data = await keys.get('tctoken', [TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY])
+	const entry = data[TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY]
+	if (!entry?.token?.length) return []
+	try {
+		const parsed = JSON.parse(Buffer.from(entry.token).toString())
+		if (!Array.isArray(parsed)) return []
+		return parsed.filter((j): j is string => typeof j === 'string' && j.length > 0 && j !== TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY)
+	} catch {
+		return []
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build a SignalDataSet fragment that writes the merged index (persisted ∪ added)
+ * under the sentinel key. Lets callers update the index without clobbering writes
+ * made by other layers (history sync, concurrent sessions on the same store).
+ */
+export async function buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite(
+	keys: SignalKeyStoreWithTransaction,
+	addedJids: Iterable<string>
+): Promise<{ [TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY]: { token: Buffer } }> {
+	const persisted = await readTcTokenIndex(keys)
+	const merged = new Set(persisted)
+	for (const jid of addedJids) {
+		if (jid && jid !== TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY) merged.add(jid)
+	}
+
+	return {
+		[TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY]: { token: Buffer.from(JSON.stringify([...merged])) }
+	}
+}
+
 /**
  * Check if a received token is expired using WA Web's rolling bucket algorithm.
  * Reference: WAWebTrustedContactsUtils.isTokenExpired
@@ -63,6 +137,43 @@ export async function resolveTcTokenJid(
 	return lid ?? normalized
 }
 
+/**
+ * Resolve target JID for issuing privacy token based on AB prop 14303
+ * (`lid_trusted_token_issue_to_lid`). When the prop is on, issuance goes to
+ * the LID; when off, it goes to the PN. Returns the original JID if no
+ * mapping is found in either direction.
+ *
+ * Normalizes the JID upfront and uses the `isAny*` helpers so callers can pass
+ * `@c.us`, `@s.whatsapp.net`, `@hosted`, `@hosted.lid`, `@lid` or device-specific
+ * forms — `LIDMappingStore.getLIDForPN` early-returns unless `isAnyPnUser`,
+ * so unnormalized inputs would silently bypass routing.
+ *
+ * Reference: WAWebTrustedContactsManager.issuePrivacyTokens
+ */
+export async function resolveIssuanceJid(
+	jid: string,
+	issueToLid: boolean,
+	getLIDForPN: (pn: string) => Promise<string | null>,
+	getPNForLID?: (lid: string) => Promise<string | null>
+): Promise<string> {
+	const normalized = jidNormalizedUser(jid)
+
+	if (issueToLid) {
+		if (isAnyLidUser(normalized)) return normalized
+		if (!isAnyPnUser(normalized)) return normalized
+		const lid = await getLIDForPN(normalized)
+		return lid ?? normalized
+	}
+
+	if (!isAnyLidUser(normalized)) return normalized
+	if (getPNForLID) {
+		const pn = await getPNForLID(normalized)
+		return pn ?? normalized
+	}
+
+	return normalized
+}
+
 type TcTokenParams = {
 	jid: string
 	baseContent?: BinaryNode[]
@@ -135,7 +246,13 @@ export async function storeTcTokensFromIqResult({
 			continue
 		}
 
-		const rawJid = jidNormalizedUser(tokenNode.attrs.jid || fallbackJid)
+		// In notifications, tokenNode.attrs.jid is OUR own device JID, not the sender's.
+		// Prefer fallbackJid (resolved from notification's `from` / `sender_lid`) so the
+		// token is stored under the peer's JID, never under self.
+		const rawJid = jidNormalizedUser(fallbackJid || tokenNode.attrs.jid)
+		// Defense against malformed notifications (PSA WID '0', bots, MetaAI). WA Web
+		// filters these server-side; we mirror Wid.isRegularUser() locally.
+		if (!isRegularUser(rawJid)) continue
 		const storageJid = await resolveTcTokenJid(rawJid, getLIDForPN)
 		const existingTcData = await keys.get('tctoken', [storageJid])
 		const existingEntry = existingTcData[storageJid]

src/__tests__/Socket/identity-change-handling.test.ts

@@ -297,4 +297,52 @@ describe('Identity Change Handling', () => {
 			expect(result.device).toBe(5)
 		})
 	})
+
+	describe('onBeforeSessionRefresh callback', () => {
+		it('fires before assertSessions when a session refresh is about to run', async () => {
+			mockValidateSession.mockResolvedValue({ exists: true })
+			const callOrder: string[] = []
+			mockAssertSessions.mockImplementation(async () => {
+				callOrder.push('assertSessions')
+				return true
+			})
+			const onBeforeSessionRefresh = jest.fn((jid: string) => {
+				callOrder.push(`before:${jid}`)
+			})
+
+			const node = createIdentityChangeNode('user@s.whatsapp.net')
+			const ctx = { ...createContext(), onBeforeSessionRefresh }
+			const result = await handleIdentityChange(node, ctx)
+
+			expect(result.action).toBe('session_refreshed')
+			expect(callOrder).toEqual(['before:user@s.whatsapp.net', 'assertSessions'])
+		})
+
+		it('does not fire when the refresh is skipped (no_identity / offline / self)', async () => {
+			const onBeforeSessionRefresh = jest.fn()
+
+			// no identity node
+			const noIdentityNode: BinaryNode = {
+				tag: 'notification',
+				attrs: { from: 'a@s.whatsapp.net', type: 'encrypt' },
+				content: []
+			}
+			await handleIdentityChange(noIdentityNode, { ...createContext(), onBeforeSessionRefresh })
+
+			// offline notification
+			mockValidateSession.mockResolvedValue({ exists: true })
+			await handleIdentityChange(createIdentityChangeNode('b@s.whatsapp.net', '0'), {
+				...createContext(),
+				onBeforeSessionRefresh
+			})
+
+			// self primary
+			await handleIdentityChange(createIdentityChangeNode(mockMeId!), {
+				...createContext(),
+				onBeforeSessionRefresh
+			})
+
+			expect(onBeforeSessionRefresh).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+		})
+	})
 })

src/__tests__/Utils/tc-token.test.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,17 @@
 import { jest } from '@jest/globals'
 import { DisconnectReason, type SignalKeyStoreWithTransaction } from '../../Types'
 import { getErrorCodeFromStreamError, SERVER_ERROR_CODES } from '../../Utils'
-import { buildTcTokenFromJid, isTcTokenExpired, shouldSendNewTcToken } from '../../Utils/tc-token-utils'
+import {
+	buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite,
+	buildTcTokenFromJid,
+	isRegularUser,
+	isTcTokenExpired,
+	readTcTokenIndex,
+	resolveIssuanceJid,
+	shouldSendNewTcToken,
+	storeTcTokensFromIqResult,
+	TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY
+} from '../../Utils/tc-token-utils'
 import type { BinaryNode } from '../../WABinary'
 
 /** 7 days in seconds — matches WA Web tctoken_duration */
@@ -848,3 +858,340 @@ describe('tctoken integration scenarios', () => {
 		})
 	})
 })
+
+// ─── isRegularUser (PSA / bot / MetaAI gating) ─────────────────────────
+
+describe('isRegularUser', () => {
+	it('rejects undefined / empty', () => {
+		expect(isRegularUser(undefined)).toBe(false)
+		expect(isRegularUser('')).toBe(false)
+	})
+
+	it('rejects PSA WID (user "0")', () => {
+		expect(isRegularUser('0@s.whatsapp.net')).toBe(false)
+		expect(isRegularUser('0@c.us')).toBe(false)
+	})
+
+	it('rejects bot phone numbers (1313555XXXX, 131655500XX)', () => {
+		expect(isRegularUser('13135550000@s.whatsapp.net')).toBe(false)
+		expect(isRegularUser('13135559999@s.whatsapp.net')).toBe(false)
+		// /^131655500\d{2}$/ — 11 digits: 131655500 + 2 trailing
+		expect(isRegularUser('13165550000@s.whatsapp.net')).toBe(false)
+		expect(isRegularUser('13165550099@s.whatsapp.net')).toBe(false)
+	})
+
+	it('rejects MetaAI (@bot server)', () => {
+		expect(isRegularUser('foo@bot')).toBe(false)
+	})
+
+	it('accepts regular PN users (@s.whatsapp.net, @c.us)', () => {
+		expect(isRegularUser('5511999999999@s.whatsapp.net')).toBe(true)
+		expect(isRegularUser('5511999999999@c.us')).toBe(true)
+	})
+
+	it('accepts LID users', () => {
+		expect(isRegularUser('123456@lid')).toBe(true)
+	})
+
+	it('accepts hosted PN/LID users', () => {
+		expect(isRegularUser('5511999999999@hosted')).toBe(true)
+		expect(isRegularUser('123456@hosted.lid')).toBe(true)
+	})
+})
+
+// ─── resolveIssuanceJid (AB prop 14303 routing) ────────────────────────
+
+describe('resolveIssuanceJid', () => {
+	const PN = '5511999999999@s.whatsapp.net'
+	const LID = '123456@lid'
+	const PN_NO_LID = '5511888888888@s.whatsapp.net'
+	const LID_NO_PN = '999999@lid'
+
+	const getLIDForPN = jest.fn<(pn: string) => Promise<string | null>>(async (pn: string) => {
+		if (pn === PN) return LID
+		return null
+	})
+	const getPNForLID = jest.fn<(lid: string) => Promise<string | null>>(async (lid: string) => {
+		if (lid === LID) return PN
+		return null
+	})
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		getLIDForPN.mockClear()
+		getPNForLID.mockClear()
+	})
+
+	describe('AB prop 14303 ON (issueToLid=true)', () => {
+		it('returns LID unchanged when input is LID', async () => {
+			expect(await resolveIssuanceJid(LID, true, getLIDForPN, getPNForLID)).toBe(LID)
+			expect(getLIDForPN).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+		})
+
+		it('resolves PN to LID via lidMapping', async () => {
+			expect(await resolveIssuanceJid(PN, true, getLIDForPN, getPNForLID)).toBe(LID)
+			expect(getLIDForPN).toHaveBeenCalledWith(PN)
+		})
+
+		it('falls back to original PN when no LID mapping exists', async () => {
+			expect(await resolveIssuanceJid(PN_NO_LID, true, getLIDForPN, getPNForLID)).toBe(PN_NO_LID)
+		})
+	})
+
+	describe('AB prop 14303 OFF (issueToLid=false)', () => {
+		it('returns PN unchanged when input is PN', async () => {
+			expect(await resolveIssuanceJid(PN, false, getLIDForPN, getPNForLID)).toBe(PN)
+			expect(getPNForLID).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+		})
+
+		it('resolves LID to PN via lidMapping', async () => {
+			expect(await resolveIssuanceJid(LID, false, getLIDForPN, getPNForLID)).toBe(PN)
+			expect(getPNForLID).toHaveBeenCalledWith(LID)
+		})
+
+		it('falls back to original LID when no PN mapping exists', async () => {
+			expect(await resolveIssuanceJid(LID_NO_PN, false, getLIDForPN, getPNForLID)).toBe(LID_NO_PN)
+		})
+
+		it('returns LID unchanged when getPNForLID is omitted', async () => {
+			expect(await resolveIssuanceJid(LID, false, getLIDForPN)).toBe(LID)
+		})
+	})
+
+	describe('JID normalization (handles @c.us and hosted forms)', () => {
+		const PN_CUS = '5511999999999@c.us'
+		const PN_NORMALIZED = '5511999999999@s.whatsapp.net'
+		const HOSTED_LID = '999999@hosted.lid'
+
+		it('normalizes @c.us before resolving (issueToLid=true)', async () => {
+			const fn = jest.fn<(pn: string) => Promise<string | null>>(async (pn: string) => {
+				if (pn === PN_NORMALIZED) return LID
+				return null
+			})
+			const result = await resolveIssuanceJid(PN_CUS, true, fn, getPNForLID)
+			expect(result).toBe(LID)
+			// Mapping store called with NORMALIZED form
+			expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(PN_NORMALIZED)
+		})
+
+		it('treats hosted LID as LID input (issueToLid=true returns it unchanged)', async () => {
+			expect(await resolveIssuanceJid(HOSTED_LID, true, getLIDForPN, getPNForLID)).toBe(HOSTED_LID)
+			expect(getLIDForPN).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+		})
+
+		it('treats hosted LID as LID input (issueToLid=false converts via getPNForLID)', async () => {
+			const fn = jest.fn<(lid: string) => Promise<string | null>>(async () => null)
+			await resolveIssuanceJid(HOSTED_LID, false, getLIDForPN, fn)
+			expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(HOSTED_LID)
+		})
+	})
+})
+
+// ─── readTcTokenIndex / buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite ───────────────────
+
+describe('tctoken cross-session prune index', () => {
+	it('exports the sentinel key as "__index"', () => {
+		// Persisted state compatibility — tests freeze the value to catch unintended renames.
+		expect(TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY).toBe('__index')
+	})
+
+	describe('readTcTokenIndex', () => {
+		it('returns [] when the index entry is absent', async () => {
+			const keys = createMockKeys()
+			;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({})
+			expect(await readTcTokenIndex(keys)).toEqual([])
+		})
+
+		it('returns [] when the index token buffer is empty', async () => {
+			const keys = createMockKeys()
+			;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({ [TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY]: { token: Buffer.alloc(0) } })
+			expect(await readTcTokenIndex(keys)).toEqual([])
+		})
+
+		it('returns [] when the JSON payload is corrupted', async () => {
+			const keys = createMockKeys()
+			;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({ [TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY]: { token: Buffer.from('not-json') } })
+			expect(await readTcTokenIndex(keys)).toEqual([])
+		})
+
+		it('returns [] when the JSON payload is not an array', async () => {
+			const keys = createMockKeys()
+			;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({ [TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY]: { token: Buffer.from('{"a":1}') } })
+			expect(await readTcTokenIndex(keys)).toEqual([])
+		})
+
+		it('returns the persisted JIDs', async () => {
+			const keys = createMockKeys()
+			const stored = ['a@lid', 'b@lid', 'c@s.whatsapp.net']
+			;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({
+				[TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY]: { token: Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(stored)) }
+			})
+			expect(await readTcTokenIndex(keys)).toEqual(stored)
+		})
+
+		it('filters out the sentinel key itself, empty strings, and non-strings', async () => {
+			const keys = createMockKeys()
+			const stored = ['a@lid', '', TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY, 42, null, 'b@lid']
+			;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({
+				[TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY]: { token: Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(stored)) }
+			})
+			expect(await readTcTokenIndex(keys)).toEqual(['a@lid', 'b@lid'])
+		})
+	})
+
+	describe('buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite', () => {
+		it('merges added JIDs with the persisted set (de-duplicated)', async () => {
+			const keys = createMockKeys()
+			;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({
+				[TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY]: { token: Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(['a@lid', 'b@lid'])) }
+			})
+			const write = await buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite(keys, ['b@lid', 'c@lid'])
+			const decoded = JSON.parse(write[TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY].token.toString()) as string[]
+			expect(decoded.sort()).toEqual(['a@lid', 'b@lid', 'c@lid'])
+		})
+
+		it('drops the sentinel key from the added set', async () => {
+			const keys = createMockKeys()
+			;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({})
+			const write = await buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite(keys, [TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY, 'a@lid'])
+			const decoded = JSON.parse(write[TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY].token.toString()) as string[]
+			expect(decoded).toEqual(['a@lid'])
+		})
+
+		it('handles empty inputs', async () => {
+			const keys = createMockKeys()
+			;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({})
+			const write = await buildMergedTcTokenIndexWrite(keys, [])
+			const decoded = JSON.parse(write[TC_TOKEN_INDEX_KEY].token.toString()) as string[]
+			expect(decoded).toEqual([])
+		})
+	})
+})
+
+// ─── storeTcTokensFromIqResult — isRegularUser gating + monotonicity ───
+
+describe('storeTcTokensFromIqResult — gating and monotonicity', () => {
+	const PEER_PN = '5511999999999@s.whatsapp.net'
+	const PEER_LID = '123456@lid'
+
+	const getLIDForPN = jest.fn<(pn: string) => Promise<string | null>>(async (pn: string) => {
+		if (pn === PEER_PN) return PEER_LID
+		return null
+	})
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		getLIDForPN.mockClear()
+	})
+
+	const buildIqResult = (jid: string, tokenBytes: Uint8Array, t: string): BinaryNode => ({
+		tag: 'iq',
+		attrs: {},
+		content: [
+			{
+				tag: 'tokens',
+				attrs: {},
+				content: [
+					{
+						tag: 'token',
+						attrs: { jid, type: 'trusted_contact', t },
+						content: tokenBytes
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		]
+	})
+
+	it('skips PSA WID (jid="0") even if returned in tokens block', async () => {
+		const keys = createMockKeys()
+		;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({})
+		await storeTcTokensFromIqResult({
+			result: buildIqResult('myDeviceJid@s.whatsapp.net', Buffer.from([0x01, 0x02]), '1700000000'),
+			fallbackJid: '0@s.whatsapp.net',
+			keys,
+			getLIDForPN
+		})
+		expect(keys.set).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+	})
+
+	it('skips bot phone numbers', async () => {
+		const keys = createMockKeys()
+		;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({})
+		await storeTcTokensFromIqResult({
+			result: buildIqResult('myDeviceJid@s.whatsapp.net', Buffer.from([0x01, 0x02]), '1700000000'),
+			fallbackJid: '13135550000@s.whatsapp.net',
+			keys,
+			getLIDForPN
+		})
+		expect(keys.set).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+	})
+
+	it('skips MetaAI (@bot server)', async () => {
+		const keys = createMockKeys()
+		;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({})
+		await storeTcTokensFromIqResult({
+			result: buildIqResult('myDeviceJid@s.whatsapp.net', Buffer.from([0x01, 0x02]), '1700000000'),
+			fallbackJid: 'meta-ai@bot',
+			keys,
+			getLIDForPN
+		})
+		expect(keys.set).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+	})
+
+	it('uses fallbackJid (NOT the token node jid which is own device) as storage source', async () => {
+		const keys = createMockKeys()
+		;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({})
+		const onNewJidStored = jest.fn()
+		await storeTcTokensFromIqResult({
+			result: buildIqResult('myDeviceJid:1@s.whatsapp.net', Buffer.from([0xaa, 0xbb]), '1700000000'),
+			fallbackJid: PEER_PN,
+			keys,
+			getLIDForPN,
+			onNewJidStored
+		})
+		expect(keys.set).toHaveBeenCalled()
+		const setArgs = (keys.set.mock.calls[0]?.[0] as { tctoken: Record<string, unknown> }).tctoken
+		expect(Object.keys(setArgs)).toContain(PEER_LID)
+		expect(onNewJidStored).toHaveBeenCalledWith(PEER_LID)
+	})
+
+	it('skips when incoming timestamp is older than existing (monotonicity)', async () => {
+		const keys = createMockKeys()
+		;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({
+			[PEER_LID]: { token: Buffer.from([0x99]), timestamp: '1800000000' }
+		})
+		await storeTcTokensFromIqResult({
+			result: buildIqResult('myDeviceJid@s.whatsapp.net', Buffer.from([0xaa]), '1700000000'),
+			fallbackJid: PEER_PN,
+			keys,
+			getLIDForPN
+		})
+		expect(keys.set).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+	})
+
+	it('skips timestamp-less tokens (would be immediately expired)', async () => {
+		const keys = createMockKeys()
+		;(keys.get as any).mockResolvedValue({})
+		await storeTcTokensFromIqResult({
+			result: {
+				tag: 'iq',
+				attrs: {},
+				content: [
+					{
+						tag: 'tokens',
+						attrs: {},
+						content: [
+							{
+								tag: 'token',
+								attrs: { jid: 'd@s.whatsapp.net', type: 'trusted_contact' },
+								content: Buffer.from([0x01])
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			},
+			fallbackJid: PEER_PN,
+			keys,
+			getLIDForPN
+		})
+		expect(keys.set).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+	})
+})